Karatteristiċi
Brass is liga ta ' ram u żingu
Abjad ram huwa liga ta ' ram u nikil
Bronż is an liga ta' ram u elementi oħrajn ħlief żingu u nikil, prinċipalment landa bronż, aluminju bronż, aluminju bronż, eċċ.
Aħmar ram huwa ram ma a għoli ram kontenut, u it-total kontenut ta' oħrajn impuritajiet huwa inqas minn 1%.
Aħmar ram huwa pur ram , magħruf ukoll bħala aħmar ram. Id-densità ta ' pur ram huwa 8.96 u il tidwib punt is 1083 grad . It għandu tajjeb elettriku u termali konduttività, eċċellenti plastiċità, u huwa faċli għal proċess sħun ippressar u kesħa ippressar. It huwa wiesa ' użat fil il- manifattura wajers , kejbils, xkupilji , brushes , u oħrajn prodotti li jeħtieġu tajjeb konduttività.
Huwa huwa imsemmi minħabba tiegħu tiegħu vjola-aħmar kulur. Huwa is mhux neċessarjament pur ram. Xi kultant a żgħir ammont ta ' deoxidizing elementi jew oħrajn elementi huma miżjuda biex ittejjeb il- materjal u prestazzjoni, hekk it huwa ukoll ikklassifikat bħala a ram liga. Skont to the composition, Chinese copper processing materials can be divided in four categories: ordinary copper (T1, T2, T3, T4), oxygen-free copper (TU1, TU2 TU2 and high-purity, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP, TUMn), u special copper with a small amount of alloy elements (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper).
Il- elettriku konduttività u termali konduttività ta' ram huma it-tieni biss fidda, u it is jintuża użat biex jagħmel konduttiv u termali konduttivi tagħmir. Ram has good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, seawater, certain non-oxidizing acids (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkalis, salt solutions and different organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid), citric acid. In addition, copper has good weldability and can be processed into various semi-finished and finished products through cold and hot plastic processing. In the 1970s, the output of copper exceeded the total output of other types of copper of copper of types of copper alloys.
Trace impurities in copper have a serious impact on the electrical and thermal conductivity of copper. Among them, titanium, phosphorus, iron, silicon, etc. significantly reduce the electrical conductivity, while cadmium, zinc, etc. have little effect. Oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, etc. have very low solid solubility in copper and can form brittle compounds with copper. They have little effect on conductivity, but can reduce processing plasticity. When ordinary copper is heated in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen or carbon monoxide, hydrogen or carbon monoxide easily reacts with cuprous oxide (Cu2O) at the grain boundary to produce high-pressure water vapor or carbon dioxide gas, which can cause copper to crack. This phenomenon is often called the "hydrogen disease" of copper. Oxygen is harmful to the weldability of copper. Bismuth or lead forms a low-melting point eutectic with copper, making copper hot and brittle; and when brittle bismuth is distributed in the form of a thin film at the grain boundary, it makes copper cold and brittle. Phosphorus can significantly reduce the conductivity of copper, but can increase the fluidity of copper liquid and improve weldability. Appropriate amounts of lead, tellurium, sulfur, etc. can improve machinability.
Brass: Copper alloys with zinc as the main additive element have a beautiful yellow color and are collectively called brass. Copper-zinc binary alloys are called ordinary brass or simple brass. Brasses with more than three elements are called special brass or complex brass. Brass alloys with a zinc content of less than 36% are composed of solid solutions and have good cold working properties. For example, brass with a zinc content of 30% is often used to make cartridge cases, commonly known as cartridge brass or 73 brass. Brass alloys with a zinc content between 36% and 42% are composed of solid solutions, of which 64 brass with a zinc content of 40% is the most commonly used. In order to improve the performance of ordinary brass, other elements such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead, etc. are often added. Aluminum can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of brass, but reduce its plasticity, making it suitable for sea-going condensers and other corrosion-resistant parts. Tin can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of brass to seawater, so it is called naval brass, which is used for ship thermal equipment and propellers. Lead can improve the cutting performance of brass; this easy-to-cut brass is often used as watch parts. Brass castings are often used to make valves and pipe fittings, etc.
Bronż: Oriġinarjament jirreferi għal ram-landa liga. Aktar tard, ram ligi oħrajn ram u nikil fidda huma msejħa bronż, u l-isem isem tal-ewwel main miżjud element is spiss miżjud miżjud qabel l-isem isem bronż. Tin bronż għandu tajjeb ikkastjar prestazzjoni, anti-frizzjoni prestazzjoni u mekkanika proprjetajiet, u is adattat għal manifattura bearings, worm gears, gears, etc. Lead bronze is a bearing materjal widely used in modern magni u grinders. Aluminju bronż has high strength, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and is used to cast high-load gears, bushings, marine propellers, etc. Beryllium bronze and phosphor bronze have high elastic limits and good conductivity, and are adaptable for manufacturing precision springs and electrical contact elements. Beryllium bronze is also used to manufacturing spark-free tools used in coal mines, oil depots, Eċċ.
Nickel silver: Copper alloy with nickel as the main added element. Copper-nickel binary alloy is called ordinary nickel silver; nickel silver alloy with manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum and other elements is called complex nickel silver. Industrial nickel silver is divided into two categories: structural nickel silver and electrical nickel silver. Structural nickel silver is characterized by good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and beautiful color. This type of white copper is widely used in the manufacture of precision machinery, chemical machinery and ship components. Electrical white copper generally has good thermoelectric properties.
Manganiż ram, constantan and copper are manganiż abjad rami with different manganiż kontenut. Huma huma materjali użati biex manifattura preċiżjoni elettriku strumenti, varistors, preċiżjoni preċiżjoni resistors, strain gauges, thermocouples, etc.
